A problem/solution essay is a type of discursive essay that presents the problem(s) and suggests possible measures that could be taken to reduce or solve the impact of the problem. It can also clearly state the writer's own opinion.
This type of essay is mainly seen in the IELTS writing task 2. It rarely appears in the TOEFL iBT writing task 2.
Depending on the topic, the writers may be asked to:
- Focus on describing the reasons of the problems and then identify the possible solutions. In this type of essay, one body paragraph covers all the possible causes of the problem and the other body paragraph covers all the possible solutions to the problem.
- Clearly state the problem and overview the reasons of the problems in the introductory paragraph and then present possible solutions together with their consequences in the body paragraphs. Each body paragraph present one possible solution.
Examples of suggesting solutions to problems essay topics:
- In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.
- What could be done to improve the lives of the elderly?
- Behaviour in schools is getting worse. Explain the causes and effects of this problem, and suggest some possible solutions.
Structure of a problem/solution essay:
- The introduction paragraph
- Body paragraphs
- The closing paragraph
Introductory paragraph
Clearly states the problem to be discussed , together with its cause(s)/result(s).
Body paragraphs: Suggestions and results
Can have 3 paragraphs or more depending on the number of suggestions the writer can offer. Each body paragraph covers one suggestion and its results/consequences. In this type of template, the causes of the problems are presented in the introductory paragraph.
Another template is having two paragraphs. One paragraph contains all the causes of the problem. The other paragraph contains all the solutions to the problem.
Final paragraph
Summarise/ paraphrase the writer's own opinion.
Notes:
- The IELTS writing task 2 instructions do not mention the examiner as a academic reader. However, a discursive essay has to be formal. Therefore, you should avoid using informal style and strong language in a problem/solution essay.
- Avoid using over-generalizations and wordiness in a problem/solution essay.
Some useful expressions for expressing cause:
- Since/because
- Because of/owing to/due to the fact that
Some useful expressions for expressing effect:
- As a result/Therefore
- Would result in ....
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